Examine Sociological Theories Essay

Inspect sociological speculations that disclose the ethnic measurement to wrongdoing and aberrance (21 imprints) Recent insights show that individuals of color are multiple times bound to be in jail than whites. Ethnic gatherings are intensely over spoken to in penitentiaries. Waddington et al explored whether ethnic gatherings were focused by the police and whether they were dealt with unreasonably. Waddington et al reasoned that these ethnic minorities were halted and looked through more since they were out in the city at that point. His exploration could be scrutinized in light of the fact that he just met the police, he didn’t meet the gatherings that were treated by the police. This would bring about the police perhaps lieing and saying that they treat the individuals of color similarly as similarly as they treat white individuals. Phillips and Bowling would differ with Waddington et al as they accept that the over policing of ethnic neighborhoods makes disdain. After the demise of Stephen Lawrence the McPherson report expressed that poor dark zones were over policed however under ensured. This would again back up Phillips and Bowling and their hypothesis of over policing in poor dark zones. This enrages the individuals in these poor regions as a result of the way that the police are just focusing on them for specific violations, for example, drugs. The report expresses that they will haphazardly single out a regular workers dark male instead of another person for a stop and search as they accept these individuals are bound to hold drugs. This leaves the remainder of the individuals under ensured on the grounds that the police aren’t focusing on different wrongdoings, for example, burglary or ambush. Skolnick accepts that most police generalization the youthful dark male just like a regular wrongdoer. He says that these cliché convictions originate from the ‘canteen culture’ and it is this conviction that backs up Phillips and Bowling, as they would state that this conviction would prompt the over policing in the poor dark regions. Drabble researched whether individuals of color were dealt with unreasonably in the courts. He saw that blacks were almost certain as accused of more genuine types of offense than whites, whites were bound to be advised though blacks were bound to be arraigned. This is proof of institutional bigotry referenced in the McPherson report. Hood found that individuals of color were progressively similar to get custodial sentences despite the fact that different disciplines, for example, fines and network administration were accessible other options. Fitzgerald explored ethnic minority road wrongdoing in London. He talked with youthful ethnic minority guilty parties and their moms and found that the higher the degrees of hardship in a region, the higher the degrees of wrongdoing. It is a measurement that Afro Caribbean family units are bound to be going by solitary parent families, which at that point brings about higher wrongdoing in the family. This connections in with Charles Murray who said that solitary parent families would bring about higher odds of disappointment at score and consequently higher odds of them going to wrongdoing. It likewise interfaces in with left authenticity and Jock Young and John Lea’s hypothesis of relative hardship. They state that individuals carry out wrongdoing when they feel denied, the media focuses on the significance of financial merchandise and some will go to wrongdoing to get these products. They additionally state minimization is an explanation behind the expansion in wrongdoing on account of youthful dark men are caused to feel on the edge of society with no one to support them, this causes disappointment and disdain which prompts wrongdoing being submitted. These reasons at that point cause an expansion in subcultures or groups and in this way an expansion in wrongdoing. These specialists could be condemned as they fortify generalizations of the youthful dark male just as not seeing white, working class wrongdoing. This would then connection in with Marxism and the way that the privileged are being dealt with more decently with wrongdoing they submit than the lower class.

Software Engineering CW4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Programming Engineering CW4 - Essay Example In the designing part, fire security has stayed a profoundly basic endeavor with respect to any extend started in the contemporary world. As per Casey and Grant (2008), the dangers presented by flames in the present occasions, keeps on making a genuine test builds over the whole calling. The necessity of control measures to fire episodes turns into a basic endeavor in the development of structures. Along these lines, Fire and Security Alarm Monitoring (FASAM) has a more noteworthy job in the designing tasks. Fire security, stays a key worry for some designers and prompts the commencement of fire wellbeing components in the tasks framing a center part in their execution (Garis and Clare 2012). This is directed by differing difficulties radiating from the fire concerns. The necessities for putting out fires types of gear like fire quenchers proves to be useful and are exceptionally basic in this unique circumstance. Further, the establishment of a computerized fire security stays basic in guaranteeing fire wellbeing inside broad structures. As per NICET (2010), the comprehension of different kinds of alarms framework shapes an essential idea in the fire control. The development and improvement of fire wellbeing revealing programming could be named as the start of building up a Fire and Security Alarm Monitoring (FASAM) framework. The advancement of mechanized framework could basically give enormous help to the security of fire inside structures or modern premises. This paper targets taking a gander at the objectives and standards supporting the FASAM in programming building just as the accomplishments figured it out. 2.0. Objectives and Principles of Software Engineering concerning FASAM 2.1. Objectives The computerized Fire and Security Alarm Monitoring framework should accomplish a few hierarchical objectives in managing the dangers presented by fire, and other security worries inside enormous structures. The primary operational objectives of building up the me chanized framework rotate around guaranteeing that the security dangers become taken care of in a convenient and effective way (Schwalbe 2005). Among the key worries that may guarantee opportune reaction, incorporate guaranteeing the included people stay arranged for startling events. Readiness of the included people will be guaranteed through the data accumulated from the framework consistently. The principle objectives which the FASAM framework ought to accomplish include: Providing nitty gritty data concerning the security of the structure to the important specialists engaged with security the board. Enacting security and alarms, in case of a wellbeing danger, happening inside the concerned structure. Putting away the data in regards to day by day events inside the structure that may help included people in improving the security inside the structure. 2.2. Essential Principles According to Pressman (2005), the product advancement process follows the predefined fundamental standar ds used being developed of programming inside the product designing calling. The used standards oversee the calling where advancement of new projects includes concocting frameworks planned for performing obligations recently performed physically. The improvement of this FASAM framework will innately include the change of the

What can I do now COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

What can I do now COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog A few prospective applicants have asked me recently what they can be doing now to improve their chances of attending SIPA.   One thing you can not do now is start filling out the application.   The application for fall 2012 consideration will not be available until September 1st.   However, the first thing you can do is become familiar with the process and what we require applicants to submit.   You can do this by visiting our application check list site. Do note that we have not finalized the personal statement questions for fall 2012.   An update will be posted to this blog as soon as final questions/topics have been decided upon.   There will also be a series on this blog that addresses each part of the application.   The series will likely start in August. Second, it is no secret, both graduate school and New York City can be expensive.   My advice is always to be on the hunt for scholarship opportunities.   It is never too early to start looking.   My recommendation is that applicants spend a minimum of twice the amount of time applying for scholarships and grants as applying for graduate school. Yes SIPA does award scholarships to incoming students, but not to the majority of incoming students.   Therefore it is wise to begin the search for scholarships and grants now.   I do not recommend waiting until after you receive your admission decision to start looking for funding.   We do our best to assist by providing a database of external grants/scholarships/fellowships.   You can access it by clicking here. Many scholarships do require letters of recommendation and so you should also start thinking about the people you are going to ask to compose letters for you.   If you are applying for several graduate school programs and several scholarship programs you should start to think strategically about who you are going to ask for letters of recommendation and when.   I do warn against letter of recommendation fatigue.   What do I mean by this? Lets say you are applying for three graduate programs and five scholarship programs.   It might not be wise to ask the same person for a letter of recommendation eight different times in this instance.   Perhaps you contact the person you wish to write a letter for you and tell him or her that you would like two different versions one for admission to a program and one for a scholarship opportunity.   You can then ask   the person to give you several copies in sealed envelops so the letters are ready to submit anytime you are ready.   Or you can tell the individuals to be prepared to receive instructions via email.   This is the case with SIPA.   We ask you to fill in the name and email of your recommenders in our system and once you do so the system generates an email with instructions on how to submit their letter. There are other practical things to consider as well.   I recommend having one or two people proofread your resume and personal statement.   Start to think about who you will ask and contact them early so they can plan this into their schedule. So my advice at this time is to start the planning process.   Find out when application and fellowship deadlines are and start to plug them in to your calendar.   As one of my old coaches said, Luck favors the prepared.   The application deadline for SIPAs two-year, full-time MIA, MPA, and MPA-DP programs for fall 2012 is January 5th, 2012.

Charles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution - 1750 Words

Charles Darwin is remembered for his theory of evolution. Much controversy surrounds Darwin s theory. Questions abound. Is evolution a four billion year old process, creating life forms primarily at random but each shaped by an ever-changing and complex environment, that has resulted in all of the wondrous life forms that surround us? Or are all of those beautiful elements of our nature, along with the vastness and majesty of the entire universe, a creation of an intellect of vast intelligence and empathy, one far greater than anyone can imagine? Questions are being asked. Did man really evolve from an ape? Or, is it that both man and ape are, along with all of the other flora and fauna, creations of a giant intellect that first perceived†¦show more content†¦It was not a new idea with Darwin, that species developed from other species based on competitive survival within the stresses of an environment, but it was Darwin, after a lifetime of study and thought, who wrote the O rigin of the Species and presented his theoretical argument to the public. At an early age he was able to study the Galapagos Islands, a small and isolated ecosystem, and the life-forms that existed there. He had quickly realized that if evolution as a theory could exist as truth, it would be evident here. His study there was done with that in mind - and a biased study will usually produce a biased and therefore often erroneous result. His theory, then, was based almost entirely on evidence obtained by observation during a short study of a tiny island fragment of the earth that was quite young from a geological standpoint. It was a very limited study of very limited scope of the condition of life on a partially isolated set of very small islands that had existed only a very short time. Any intelligent person knows that it is dangerous to extrapolate from the specific to the general. Because one may see the moon rise shortly after sunset on a particular night, it is foolish to believ e and then try to convince everyone else in the world to also believe that it will do so at the same time every night, everywhere in the world and forever. Yet that is exactly what Darwin claimed. Darwin sShow MoreRelatedCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution984 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Robert Darwin was a British man who became one of the greatest contributors to the study of evolution. He was a naturalist who was able to develop a theory of evolution based on biological changes that he witnessed occurring in varieties of samples on his travels all around the world. Charles Darwin is valuable in science history, simply because he was the first geologists who had come the closest for closing the gap on how and why biological changes occurred. The naturalist and geologistRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution801 Words   |  4 PagesThe theory of Evolution is one of the greatest intellectual revolutions of human history. It can drastically change our perception of the world and our place in it. Charles Darwin created a coherent theory of evolution and amassed a great body of evidence in support of this theory. During this time, most scientists fully believed that each organism and adaptation was the work of the creator. A fellow scientist Carl Linnaeus created a system of classifications that we still use today. Charles RobertRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory On Evolution Essay1074 Words   |  5 Pagesand how did life start, along with the creation of the universe and Earth? Charles Darwin’s theory on evolution, which is called natural selection, is based on the idea of species naturally adapting to their surrounding environment to better the species chances for survival. Creationism, on the other hand, is the belief that the universe and living organisms originate from specific acts of divine creation. Both are theories on life, and how such life came to be thing we all know. It is not the strongestRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1055 Words   |  5 Pages Charles Darwin was an English naturalist and geologist, he was known greater for his contributions for the evolution theory. Darwin wrote a book in 1859 it was published and became the greatest and well known book. The name of the book was â€Å"On the Origin of Species†. In the book he wrote about his theory of evolution by natural selection, he discovered how the process of how organisms change as time goes on. Changes in traits and the organism’s physical behavior. Darwin believe change happensRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution951 Words   |  4 Pagesmore vigorously than in America’s public school science classrooms. Of particular concern for school administrators and the educators whom they supervise, are the repeated efforts of Christian fundamentalists to replace the teaching of Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection with Biblical Creationism. During the past ninety years, many legal cases have further defined the bo undary of that wall of separation. In response, the methods employed by the proponents of Biblical CreationismRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1737 Words   |  7 PagesThe theory of evolution is one of the great intellectual revolutions of human history, drastically changing our perception of the world and of our place in it. Charles Darwin put forth a coherent theory of evolution and amassed a great body of evidence in support of this theory. In Darwin s time, most scientists fully believed that each organism and each adaptation was the work of the creator. Linneaus established the system of biological classification that we use today, and did so in the spiritRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1957 Words   |  8 Pagesdiscusses the theory of evolution in detail. Topics this paper will address include defining the theory of evolution and explaining how the theory has evolved over time, as well as highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of the theory and e xamining how effective the theory is in today’s world. I. Description of the theory The theory of evolution sets forth an explanation of how all of the living species on Earth came to be. The theory as we know it today, written by Charles Darwin, states thatRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution2319 Words   |  10 PagesCharles Darwin is commonly known for writing On the Origin of Species, published in 1859. Based on his findings, Darwin concluded to â€Å"the theory of evolution, [by which] is the process of which organisms change over time as a result of changes in heritable or behavioral traits† (Than, 2015). Certain changes that occurred in the organism s’ environment allowed it to evolve, survive, and produce offspring with those developed traits. He recorded his findings while aboard the second voyage of H.M.SRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution Essay2312 Words   |  10 Pages Darwin and his Followers Charles Darwin is one of the most well known names in the United States for good reason. His theory of evolution through natural selection was not only revolutionary in the scientific world, but were also applied to society by some of his followers in this country. Some of these applications were beneficial to society while others simply allowed people to use his teachings for their own goals. While not apparent at first, Darwin does believe in a meaning in life similarRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1714 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Survival of the fittest† is one of the greatest concepts discussed by Charles Darwin (who is known as the father of evolution) and which has also affected many species throughout the world over the years, including us! As presented in his theory of evolution, Charles Darwin explains how those with advantageous traits will be able to better survive than their fellow counterparts. In other words, organisms with traits best suited for their environment will have higher chances of surviving than those

The Controversy of Media Imperialism Essay - 930 Words

The Controversy of Media Imperialism The controversy of media imperialism questions us as to whether a certain medium (in this case, the newspaper – tabloid, broadsheet, hybrid) is controlled by the publication owner or the managers/editors-in-chief/journalists. They both deliver news and make it possible to be accessed by the reading-public. Proprietors own publication companies and administer the content of the media through a set agenda. Media practitioners are the workers within the business. They operate inside a framework of constructed agreement. Others may believe that the control of media is possessed by the owners, whilst others think that it is the journalists/managers who decide what is†¦show more content†¦HM maintains the norms, values and preserves the society’s ideology via the mass media. While the HM takes into account newsworthiness, the MM filters the journalist’s articles to ensure that it strictly corresponds within the editorial policy. This suggests that the newspaper industry is a process itself – the article being made by a journalist should pass to the expected content to avoid the hazard of reputation damage. However, bias is consciously introduced by proletariats since their main focus in on the public interest while media practitioners unconsciously do this. We should also take in consideration that proprietors/owners carefully choose journalists, etc. who have the same view as the company. This suggests that self-censorship is present and that the owners are superior to them. Media practitioners have to comply with the company’s regulations otherwise, the owner would fire them and hire another practitioner who can follow the status quo of the company. The MM views the society as two distinct groups namely: the capitalists and the proletariat, whereas the hegemonic considers society to have endless types of groups and positions. 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A Game of Thrones Chapter Twenty-two Free Essays

string(52) " at them and help them steal pies from the kitchen\." Arya Her father had been fighting with the council again. Arya could see it on his face when he came to table, late again, as he had been so often. The first course, a thick sweet soup made with pumpkins, had already been taken away when Ned Stark strode into the Small Hall. We will write a custom essay sample on A Game of Thrones Chapter Twenty-two or any similar topic only for you Order Now They called it that to set it apart from the Great Hall, where the king could feast a thousand, but it was a long room with a high vaulted ceiling and bench space for two hundred at its trestle tables. â€Å"My lord,† Jory said when Father entered. He rose to his feet, and the rest of the guard rose with him. Each man wore a new cloak, heavy grey wool with a white satin border. A hand of beaten silver clutched the woolen folds of each cloak and marked their wearers as men of the Hand’s household guard. There were only fifty of them, so most of the benches were empty. â€Å"Be seated,† Eddard Stark said. â€Å"I see you have started without me. I am pleased to know there are still some men of sense in this city.† He signaled for the meal to resume. The servants began bringing out platters of ribs, roasted in a crust of garlic and herbs. â€Å"The talk in the yard is we shall have a tourney, my lord,† Jory said as he resumed his seat. â€Å"They say that knights will come from all over the realm to joust and feast in honor of your appointment as Hand of the King.† Arya could see that her father was not very happy about that. â€Å"Do they also say this is the last thing in the world I would have wished?† Sansa’s eyes had grown wide as the plates. â€Å"A tourney,† she breathed. She was seated between Septa Mordane and Jeyne Poole, as far from Arya as she could get without drawing a reproach from Father. â€Å"Will we be permitted to go, Father?† â€Å"You know my feelings, Sansa. It seems I must arrange Robert’s games and pretend to be honored for his sake. That does not mean I must subject my daughters to this folly.† â€Å"Oh, please,† Sansa said. â€Å"I want to see.† Septa Mordane spoke up. â€Å"Princess Myrcella will be there, my lord, and her younger than Lady Sansa. All the ladies of the court will be expected at a grand event like this, and as the tourney is in your honor, it would look queer if your family did not attend.† Father looked pained. â€Å"I suppose so. Very well, I shall arrange a place for you, Sansa.† He saw Arya. â€Å"For both of you.† â€Å"I don’t care about their stupid tourney,† Arya said. She knew Prince Joffrey would be there, and she hated Prince Joffrey. Sansa lifted her head. â€Å"It will be a splendid event. You shan’t be wanted.† Anger flashed across Father’s face. â€Å"Enough, Sansa. More of that and you will change my mind. I am weary unto death of this endless war you two are fighting. You are sisters. I expect you to behave like sisters, is that understood?† Sansa bit her lip and nodded. Arya lowered her face to stare sullenly at her plate. She could feel tears stinging her eyes. She rubbed them away angrily, determined not to cry. The only sound was the clatter of knives and forks. â€Å"Pray excuse me,† her father announced to the table. â€Å"I find I have small appetite tonight.† He walked from the hall. After he was gone, Sansa exchanged excited whispers with Jeyne Poole. Down the table Jory laughed at a joke, and Hullen started in about horseflesh. â€Å"Your warhorse, now, he may not be the best one for the joust. Not the same thing, oh, no, not the same at all.† The men had heard it all before; Desmond, Jacks, and Hullen’s son Harwin shouted him down together, and Porther called for more wine. No one talked to Arya. She didn’t care. She liked it that way. She would have eaten her meals alone in her bedchamber if they let her. Sometimes they did, when Father had to dine with the king or some lord or the envoys from this place or that place. The rest of the time, they ate in his solar, just him and her and Sansa. That was when Arya missed her brothers most. She wanted to tease Bran and play with baby Rickon and have Robb smile at her. She wanted Jon to muss up her hair and call her â€Å"little sister† and finish her sentences with her. But all of them were gone. She had no one left but Sansa, and Sansa wouldn’t even talk to her unless Father made her. Back at Winterfell, they had eaten in the Great Hall almost half the time. Her father used to say that a lord needed to eat with his men, if he hoped to keep them. â€Å"Know the men who follow you,† she heard him tell Robb once, â€Å"and let them know you. Don’t ask your men to die for a stranger.† At Winterfell, he always had an extra seat set at his own table, and every day a different man would be asked to join him. One night it would be Vayon Poole, and the talk would be coppers and bread stores and servants. The next time it would be Mikken, and her father would listen to him go on about armor and swords and how hot a forge should be and the best way to temper steel. Another day it might be Hullen with his endless horse talk, or Septon Chayle from the library, or Jory, or Ser Rodrik, or even Old Nan with her stories. Arya had loved nothing better than to sit at her father’s table and listen to them talk. She had loved listening to the men on the benches too; to freeriders tough as leather, courtly knights and bold young squires, grizzled old men-at-arms. She used to throw snowballs at them and help them steal pies from the kitchen. You read "A Game of Thrones Chapter Twenty-two" in category "Essay examples" Their wives gave her scones and she invented names for their babies and played monsters-and-maidens and hide-the-treasure and come-into-my-castle with their children. Fat Tom used to call her â€Å"Arya Underfoot,† because he said that was where she always was. She’d liked that a lot better than â€Å"Arya Horseface.† Only that was Winterfell, a world away, and now everything was changed. This was the first time they had supped with the men since arriving in King’s Landing. Arya hated it. She hated the sounds of their voices now, the way they laughed, the stories they told. They’d been her friends, she’d felt safe around them, but now she knew that was a lie. They’d let the queen kill Lady, that was horrible enough, but then the Hound found Mycah. Jeyne Poole had told Arya that he’d cut him up in so many pieces that they’d given him back to the butcher in a bag, and at first the poor man had thought it was a pig they’d slaughtered. And no one had raised a voice or drawn a blade or anything, not Harwin who always talked so bold, or Alyn who was going to be a knight, or Jory who was captain of the guard. Not even her father. â€Å"He was my friend,† Arya whispered into her plate, so low that no one could hear. Her ribs sat there untouched, grown cold now, a thin film of grease congealing beneath them on the plate. Arya looked at them and felt ill. She pushed away from the table. â€Å"Pray, where do you think you are going, young lady?† Septa Mordane asked. â€Å"I’m not hungry.† Arya found it an effort to remember her courtesies. â€Å"May I be excused, please?† she recited stiffly. â€Å"You may not,† the septa said. â€Å"You have scarcely touched your food. You will sit down and clean your plate.† â€Å"You clean it!† Before anyone could stop her, Arya bolted for the door as the men laughed and Septa Mordane called loudly after her, her voice rising higher and higher. Fat Tom was at his post, guarding the door to the Tower of the Hand. He blinked when he saw Arya rushing toward him and heard the septa’s shouts. â€Å"Here now, little one, hold on,† he started to say, reaching, but Arya slid between his legs and then she was running up the winding tower steps, her feet hammering on the stone while Fat Tom huffed and puffed behind her. Her bedchamber was the only place that Arya liked in all of King’s Landing, and the thing she liked best about it was the door, a massive slab of dark oak with black iron bands. When she slammed that door and dropped the heavy crossbar, nobody could get into her room, not Septa Mordane or Fat Tom or Sansa or Jory or the Hound, nobody! She slammed it now. When the bar was down, Arya finally felt safe enough to cry. She went to the window seat and sat there, sniffling, hating them all, and herself most of all. It was all her fault, everything bad that had happened. Sansa said so, and Jeyne too. Fat Tom was knocking on her door. â€Å"Arya girl, what’s wrong?† he called out. â€Å"You in there?† â€Å"No!† she shouted. The knocking stopped. A moment later she heard him going away. Fat Tom was always easy to fool. Arya went to the chest at the foot of her bed. She knelt, opened the lid, and began pulling her clothes out with both hands, grabbing handfuls of silk and satin and velvet and wool and tossing them on the floor. It was there at the bottom of the chest, where she’d hidden it. Arya lifted it out almost tenderly and drew the slender blade from its sheath. Needle. She thought of Mycah again and her eyes filled with tears. Her fault, her fault, her fault. If she had never asked him to play at swords with her . . . There was a pounding at her door, louder than before. â€Å"Arya Stark, you open this door at once, do you hear me?† Arya spun around, with Needle in her hand. â€Å"You better not come in here!† she warned. She slashed at the air savagely. â€Å"The Hand will hear of this!† Septa Mordane raged. â€Å"I don’t care,† Arya screamed. â€Å"Go away.† â€Å"You will rue this insolent behavior, young lady, I promise you that.† Arya listened at the door until she heard the sound of the septa’s receding footsteps. She went back to the window, Needle in hand, and looked down into the courtyard below. If only she could climb like Bran, she thought; she would go out the window and down the tower, run away from this horrible place, away from Sansa and Septa Mordane and Prince Joffrey, from all of them. Steal some food from the kitchens, take Needle and her good boots and a warm cloak. She could find Nymeria in the wild woods below the Trident, and together they’d return to Winterfell, or run to Jon on the Wall. She found herself wishing that Jon was here with her now. Then maybe she wouldn’t feel so alone. A soft knock at the door behind her turned Arya away from the window and her dreams of escape. â€Å"Arya,† her father’s voice called out. â€Å"Open the door. We need to talk.† Arya crossed the room and lifted the crossbar. Father was alone. He seemed more sad than angry. That made Arya feel even worse. â€Å"May I come in?† Arya nodded, then dropped her eyes, ashamed. Father closed the door. â€Å"Whose sword is that?† â€Å"Mine.† Arya had almost forgotten Needle, in her hand. â€Å"Give it to me.† Reluctantly Arya surrendered her sword, wondering if she would ever hold it again. Her father turned it in the light, examining both sides of the blade. He tested the point with his thumb. â€Å"A bravo’s blade,† he said. â€Å"Yet it seems to me that I know this maker’s mark. This is Mikken’s work.† Arya could not lie to him. She lowered her eyes. Lord Eddard Stark sighed. â€Å"My nine-year-old daughter is being armed from my own forge, and I know nothing of it. The Hand of the King is expected to rule the Seven Kingdoms, yet it seems I cannot even rule my own household. How is it that you come to own a sword, Arya? Where did you get this?† Arya chewed her lip and said nothing. She would not betray Jon, not even to their father. After a while, Father said, â€Å"I don’t suppose it matters, truly.† He looked down gravely at the sword in his hands. â€Å"This is no toy for children, least of all for a girl. What would Septa Mordane say if she knew you were playing with swords?† â€Å"I wasn’t playing,† Arya insisted. â€Å"I hate Septa Mordane.† â€Å"That’s enough.† Her father’s voice was curt and hard. â€Å"The septa is doing no more than is her duty, though gods know you have made it a struggle for the poor woman. Your mother and I have charged her with the impossible task of making you a lady.† â€Å"I don’t want to be a lady!† Arya flared. â€Å"I ought to snap this toy across my knee here and now, and put an end to this nonsense.† â€Å"Needle wouldn’t break,† Arya said defiantly, but her voice betrayed her words. â€Å"It has a name, does it?† Her father sighed. â€Å"Ah, Arya. You have a wildness in you, child. ‘The wolf blood,’ my father used to call it. Lyanna had a touch of it, and my brother Brandon more than a touch. It brought them both to an early grave.† Arya heard sadness in his voice; he did not often speak of his father, or of the brother and sister who had died before she was born. â€Å"Lyanna might have carried a sword, if my lord father had allowed it. You remind me of her sometimes. You even look like her.† â€Å"Lyanna was beautiful,† Arya said, startled. Everybody said so. It was not a thing that was ever said of Arya. â€Å"She was,† Eddard Stark agreed, â€Å"beautiful, and willful, and dead before her time.† He lifted the sword, held it out between them. â€Å"Arya, what did you think to do with this . . . Needle? Who did you hope to skewer? Your sister? Septa Mordane? Do you know the first thing about sword fighting?† All she could think of was the lesson Jon had given her. â€Å"Stick them with the pointy end,† she blurted out. Her father snorted back laughter. â€Å"That is the essence of it, I suppose.† Arya desperately wanted to explain, to make him see. â€Å"I was trying to learn, but . . . † Her eyes filled with tears. â€Å"I asked Mycah to practice with me.† The grief came on her all at once. She turned away, shaking. â€Å"I asked him,† she cried. â€Å"It was my fault, it was me . . . â€Å" Suddenly her father’s arms were around her. He held her gently as she turned to him and sobbed against his chest. â€Å"No, sweet one,† he murmured. â€Å"Grieve for your friend, but never blame yourself. You did not kill the butcher’s boy. That murder lies at the Hound’s door, him and the cruel woman he serves.† â€Å"I hate them,† Arya confided, red-faced, sniffling. â€Å"The Hound and the queen and the king and Prince Joffrey. I hate all of them. Joffrey lied, it wasn’t the way he said. I hate Sansa too. She did remember, she just lied so Joffrey would like her.† â€Å"We all lie,† her father said. â€Å"Or did you truly think I’d believe that Nymeria ran off?† Arya blushed guiltily. â€Å"Jory promised not to tell.† â€Å"Jory kept his word,† her father said with a smile. â€Å"There are some things I do not need to be told. Even a blind man could see that wolf would never have left you willingly.† â€Å"We had to throw rocks,† she said miserably. â€Å"I told her to run, to go be free, that I didn’t want her anymore. There were other wolves for her to play with, we heard them howling, and Jory said the woods were full of game, so she’d have deer to hunt. Only she kept following, and finally we had to throw rocks. I hit her twice. She whined and looked at me and I felt so ‘shamed, but it was right, wasn’t it? The queen would have killed her.† â€Å"It was right,† her father said. â€Å"And even the lie was . . . not without honor.† He’d put Needle aside when he went to Arya to embrace her. Now he took the blade up again and walked to the window, where he stood for a moment, looking out across the courtyard. When he turned back, his eyes were thoughtful. He seated himself on the window seat, Needle across his lap. â€Å"Arya, sit down. I need to try and explain some things to you.† She perched anxiously on the edge of her bed. â€Å"You are too young to be burdened with all my cares,† he told her, â€Å"but you are also a Stark of Winterfell. You know our words.† â€Å"Winter is coming,† Arya whispered. â€Å"The hard cruel times,† her father said. â€Å"We tasted them on the Trident, child, and when Bran fell. You were born in the long summer, sweet one, you’ve never known anything else, but now the winter is truly coming. Remember the sigil of our House, Arya.† â€Å"The direwolf,† she said, thinking of Nymeria. She hugged her knees against her chest, suddenly afraid. â€Å"Let me tell you something about wolves, child. When the snows fall and the white winds blow, the lone wolf dies, but the pack survives. Summer is the time for squabbles. In winter, we must protect one another, keep each other warm, share our strengths. So if you must hate, Arya, hate those who would truly do us harm. Septa Mordane is a good woman, and Sansa . . . Sansa is your sister. You may be as different as the sun and the moon, but the same blood flows through both your hearts. You need her, as she needs you . . . and I need both of you, gods help me.† He sounded so tired that it made Arya sad. â€Å"I don’t hate Sansa,† she told him. â€Å"Not truly.† It was only half a lie. â€Å"I do not mean to frighten you, but neither will I lie to you. We have come to a dark dangerous place, child. This is not Winterfell. We have enemies who mean us ill. We cannot fight a war among ourselves. This willfulness of yours, the running off, the angry words, the disobedience . . . at home, these were only the summer games of a child. Here and now, with winter soon upon us, that is a different matter. It is time to begin growing up.† â€Å"I will,† Arya vowed. She had never loved him so much as she did in that instant. â€Å"I can be strong too. I can be as strong as Robb.† He held Needle out to her, hilt first. â€Å"Here.† She looked at the sword with wonder in her eyes. For a moment she was afraid to touch it, afraid that if she reached for it it would be snatched away again, but then her father said, â€Å"Go on, it’s yours,† and she took it in her hand. â€Å"I can keep it?† she said. â€Å"For true?† â€Å"For true.† He smiled. â€Å"If I took it away, no doubt I’d find a morningstar hidden under your pillow within the fortnight. Try not to stab your sister, whatever the provocation.† â€Å"I won’t. I promise.† Arya clutched Needle tightly to her chest as her father took his leave. The next morning, as they broke their fast, she apologized to Septa Mordane and asked for her pardon. The septa peered at her suspiciously, but Father nodded. Three days later, at midday, her father’s steward Vayon Poole sent Arya to the Small Hall. The trestle tables had been dismantled and the benches shoved against the walls. The hall seemed empty, until an unfamiliar voice said, â€Å"You are late, boy.† A slight man with a bald head and a great beak of a nose stepped out of the shadows, holding a pair of slender wooden swords. â€Å"Tomorrow you will be here at midday.† He had an accent, the lilt of the Free Cities, Braavos perhaps, or Myr. â€Å"Who are you?† Arya asked. â€Å"I am your dancing master.† He tossed her one of the wooden blades. She grabbed for it, missed, and heard it clatter to the floor. â€Å"Tomorrow you will catch it. Now pick it up.† It was not just a stick, but a true wooden sword complete with grip and guard and pommel. Arya picked it up and clutched it nervously with both hands, holding it out in front of her. It was heavier than it looked, much heavier than Needle. The bald man clicked his teeth together. â€Å"That is not the way, boy. This is not a greatsword that is needing two hands to swing it. You will take the blade in one hand.† â€Å"It’s too heavy,† Arya said. â€Å"It is heavy as it needs to be to make you strong, and for the balancing. A hollow inside is filled with lead, just so. One hand now is all that is needing.† Arya took her right hand off the grip and wiped her sweaty palm on her pants. She held the sword in her left hand. He seemed to approve. â€Å"The left is good. All is reversed, it will make your enemies more awkward. Now you are standing wrong. Turn your body sideface, yes, so. You are skinny as the shaft of a spear, do you know. That is good too, the target is smaller. Now the grip. Let me see.† He moved closer and peered at her hand, prying her fingers apart, rearranging them. â€Å"Just so, yes. Do not squeeze it so tight, no, the grip must be deft, delicate.† â€Å"What if I drop it?† Arya said. â€Å"The steel must be part of your arm,† the bald man told her. â€Å"Can you drop part of your arm? No. Nine years Syrio Forel was first sword to the Sealord of Braavos, he knows these things. Listen to him, boy.† It was the third time he had called her â€Å"boy.† â€Å"I’m a girl,† Arya objected. â€Å"Boy, girl,† Syrio Forel said. â€Å"You are a sword, that is all.† He clicked his teeth together. â€Å"Just so, that is the grip. You are not holding a battle-axe, you are holding a—† â€Å"—needle,† Arya finished for him, fiercely. â€Å"Just so. Now we will begin the dance. Remember, child, this is not the iron dance of Westeros we are learning, the knight’s dance, hacking and hammering, no. This is the bravo’s dance, the water dance, swift and sudden. All men are made of water, do you know this? When you pierce them, the water leaks out and they die.† He took a step backward, raised his own wooden blade. â€Å"Now you will try to strike me.† Arya tried to strike him. She tried for four hours, until every muscle in her body was sore and aching, while Syrio Forel clicked his teeth together and told her what to do. The next day their real work began. How to cite A Game of Thrones Chapter Twenty-two, Essay examples

Comanagement of Purchasing and Marketing †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Comanagement of Purchasing and Marketing. Answer: Introduction The business marketing and management depends on the size of the business and industry in the operational location. According to Wee et al. (2014), the effective marketing management process requires the adequate resources for improving the customer opinions and developing the customer base. The well managed marketing procedure helps in increasing the brand value and organizational profitability (Kotler and Keller 2016). The organic food industry in Australia is considering the blooming market in terms of collecting revenues. Currently, it has been observed that the people in Australia have been concentrating on consuming the healthier food (Domegan et al. 2015). Therefore, the organic food producers have been paying attention to the healthy and consumable foods that improve the health of the Australian customers. The study is focusing on the marketing and management procedure of Green Press holding Pty Ltd., which is the organic producer company in Melbourne. The company is focusing on producing the healthier foods for the target customers. The study will present the discussion about the purpose of the organization to operate in a competitive business scenario. It is necessary to understand the target customer of the company to strengthen the competitive position. The development of the marketing strategy and the selection of the target market are necessary for the company to determine the sequential marketing procedure. Description of the Business According to Wagner and Eggert (2016), organic food refers to the foods that are produced by maintaining the organic production standards. The organic foods are generally certified by the authority or regulatory body. The organic agriculture minimizes the external inputs and it even avoids the use of pesticides and synthetic fertilizers. Currently, the people in Australia, irrespective of the generations, are much concerned about the healthier diet. Even if they do not consume the healthy food, they tend to consume the health drinks or healthier dairy products. The organic food sector in Australia has been experiencing the sustainable growth through 2010-2012 (Jolink and Niesten 2015). It is estimated that in the year of 2012, the total value of Australian organic industry was almost $1.27 bn. Australia has captured the leading position in considering the largest area of certified organic land. In fact, it has been notified that over one million people in Australia have been purchasi ng the organic beverages and foods. Therefore, there is the high scope of earning profitability by selling the organic food in Australian market. Green Press Holdings Pty Ltd. is a vegan and organic food store located in Melbourne. The company has been offering the natural gluten free, and vegan foods to the customers in Australia. James, Lindsey, and Miles established the business in the year of 2013 (Greenpress.com 2017). The major purpose of the company is to establish the healthy food culture among the old and young generation of the Australian Society. The founders exclaimed that instead of consuming the dairy products separately for consuming the protein food, people can adopt the healthier diet. The founders together undertook the proper market research from where they get the idea that people are largely consuming the unhealthy foods (Baudry et al. 2017). Therefore, it will be quite beneficial if the company starts producing the healthy food and selling among the target group of customers. The founders came up with the greater idea of producing the tasty and interesting healthy foods. The company even soon came up with the ideas of producing the tasty salads and cold pressed juices. The idea worked well since there were no stores of these organic foods in Melbourne. Green Press Holdings Pty Ltd. became the first organic juice cleanse store in Melbourne. Apart from these healthy foods, the store even offers the mouth-watering desserts. The brand has the significant value in the Australian market. The Australian customers are looking forward to consume the healthy products to improve their health (Rdiger and Hamm 2015). Hence, the marketing strategy has been focusing largely on establishing the brand value in the Australian market. 5Cs of the Organization The 5cs of marketing involves the five key areas that determine the decisions of the company to conduct the business operations in the competitive market. This 5cs of marketing includes the customers, company, collaborators, Context, and Competitors. The study will follow the 5c marketing of Green Press Holdings Pty Ltd. The components are described further: Green Press Holdings Pty Ltd. aims to provide the healthy food to the customers who are concerned about their health. It has been noticed that the Australian people are mostly consuming the junk food. In fact, it is also seen that these customers are consuming the dairy products for protein. The survey report proves that almost 65% of the consumers in Australia have been purchasing the organic products (Nasir and Karakaya 2014). In the year of 2011, the major retailers produced the organic foods in a larger number. It is generally representing the market shifts as the mainstream of organic food purchases. It has been observed that the women are the main purchasers of the organic food. Producing the organic fresh is the entry point of the first-time consumers. However, there are some of the considerable barriers to purchase the organic products based on the price and availability. The consumers usually face the trouble in accessing the organic products that are higher in price. The pr ices of these products are kept higher due to the nutritious values and ingredients. Many of the customers have the high regard for the Australian product integrity. The Australian certification of the organic products is quite commendable for every consumer in Australia (Mohamad, Rusdi and Hashim 2014). Therefore, it can be predicted that the demands of the organic food products are quite higher in Australia. Green Press Holdings Pty Ltd. is largely focusing on providing the organic foods to the Australian customers. After the establishment in 2013, the company has been concentrating on producing the foods that are free from gluten and the natural ingredients. The SWOT analysis of the company will be effective enough to understand the company potentiality. Strengths: The processed organic foods Healthy ingredients with nutritious value Brand value Knowledge about customer needs Weaknesses: Lack of product variations Lack of proper availability Ineffective distribution channel Opportunities: The increasing demands of organic food consumptions Increasing market value Enormous growth in the organic food industry Consumers are interested in healthy living Threats: High prices of the organic food Emergence of the competitors Lack of proper suppliers The above analysis highlights that the company needs to pay attention towards their distribution process by ensuring the proper resource allocation factors. The investments of the adequate capital resources are necessary for the company (Rosin, Stock and Campbell 2013). Moreover, it is also necessary to keep the focus on the competitors who are the major threats for the company in maintaining the sustainable position. The company is collaborating with the farming sectors and the suppliers of the natural foods. It is essential to use the healthy ingredients for preparing the organic food with high nutritious value. The involvement of the proper suppliers and the distribution channels is necessary to reach to the target customers. However, the lack of proper availability and the high prices of the products are the major barriers for the selling the organic food to the target consumers in Australia. Due to the increasing demands of the healthy diets, the Australian organic food market is surrounded by many of the consumers. The major competitor Green Press Holdings Pty Ltd. is Right Food Group. Right Food Group provides the high quality organic foods to the Australian customers (Austorganic.com 2017). The company has even undertaken the proper supply chain management process for associating more distributors. Moreover, the company is also utilizing the adequate resources and a number of ingredients to make the healthy food and sell these foods to the Australian market. The improvement in the distribution and supply chain management process, association of the necessary suppliers, and marketing process is necessary to draw the attention of the customers. In fact, the involvement of these factors will be beneficial for the company to gain the competitive advantage in current business scenario. The company even needs to concentrate on the other factors associated with the organic food industry in Australia. The demographic influences are much prominent in such cases. It has been observed that the women are the main purchasers of the organic foods in the Australian market (Marian and Thgersen 2015). The women and the young people are more likely consuming protein and healthy food for their daily lives. They are more likely concerned about the healthy diet that is free from the junk food materials. Hence, the influence of the demographic feature is quite visible. On the other hand, it has been noticed that the Australian government is much concerned about the organic products in the Australian market (Pecoraro and Uusitalo 2014). It is necessary to eliminate the use of the pesticides and gluten while producing the organic foods. Moreover, it is also needed to be considered that the quality of the organic foods is needed to be higher in quality. These legal standards have been influencing the organic food sector in Australia. Market Research In order to develop the marketing strategy of selling the organic food products, it is necessary for the company to understand the acceptability or suitability of the business in the business market. It has been noted that the Australian market has been facing the significant growth in the organic food industry. It is essential to keep the track of the responses of the customers to understand their needs and demands. The market survey is the preferable means of understanding the basic demands and needs of the customers. On the other hand, Ali, Alamand Ali (2015) opined that it is necessary to keep the track of the competitor and the industry position in a particular business location. Similarly, it is even essential to analyze the market feasibility of the organic food in Australia. The current report derived from the Australian Organic Market is reflecting the industry and consumer trends. The obtained information from this report is presented below: It has been noted that the number of certified organic operations in Australia faced the growth by 5%. The number of exported organic foods from Australia experienced the growth of 17%. Between the years of 2015 to 2016, most of the bakery items experienced more growth than the four-fold exports. There is the significant growth observed in exporting the meat, health drinks, cosmetics, and dairy products (Yadav and Pathak 2016). Currently, Australia has occupied almost 53% of the organic farmland all over the world. The research report signifies that the increasing the rate of the organic foods in Australian market will be beneficial for Green Press Holdings. On the other hand, it is estimated that the fresh and processed lines in market intelligence was reached up to $1.15bn. However, despite of the enormous suitability, there are still some of the barriers associated with the development of the organic industry. Development of the Marketing Strategy In order to establish the proper marketing strategy of the organic food business, it is necessary to provide the preferable recommendation regarding the market segmentation. The market segmentation of Green Press Holding Pty Ltd. is provided further: Target market: It has been noticed that the women are the major purchasers of the organic foods in the Australian market. On the other hand, the young generation is also using the dairy products to consume healthy diet. Hence, the target group of customers would be the women and young females and males. Value Propositions: It is necessary to keep the track of the strategies utilized by the competitors. The company requires providing the value added products or the services to the target customers (Teng and Lu 2016). It is notable that ensuring the product variations would be much preferable for the target group of customers. The company is even paying attention to the taste of the products. Hence, concentrating on the food items with proper taste and variations would be much demanding to the customers. It will even serve as the value proposition of the products offered by the company. Market Positioning: It is necessary for the company to set the position of the market by achieving the proper competitive advantage. It has been observed that the price of the organic food products is the major barriers for the target customers. Hence, it is essential for the company to establish the justified pricing strategy that can be affordable and accessible for the customers from different income level. It will be much helpful for the company to establish the market position in this competitive scenario. The above analysis would be helpful in understanding the needs and requirements of the target customers. The obtained idea from the above analysis will be used for the further analytical part. Development of the market tactics The evaluation of the marketing mix provides the insightful idea about the business operational process (Kotler and Keller 2016). It is essential for the company to pay attention towards such criteria. Product: The target customers tend to consume the diary products for the protein. The ingredients added to the food are natural and healthy for the people. Moreover, the company pays attention towards the taste of the products, which are the major criteria for the consumers (com 2017). Therefore, the company is concentrating on the basic demands and needs of the consumers for selling the organic food products. Place: The Company is largely focusing on offering the services to the Australian market. Therefore, it is essential to keep the concentration on the market analytics and feasibility. The organic food sector in Australia has been experiencing the sustainable growth through 2010-2012. In fact, it has been notified that over one million people in Australia have been purchasing the organic beverages and foods. Therefore, there is the high scope of earning profitability by selling the organic food in Australian market. People: It has been observed that the women are the main purchasers of the organic food. Producing the organic fresh is the entry point of the first-time consumers. However, there are some of the considerable barriers to purchase the organic products based on the price and availability. The consumers usually face the trouble in accessing the organic products that are higher in price. Hence, the company needs to keep the focus on the proper pricing strategy to satisfy the customer needs. Promotion: In order to increase the brand awareness, the company needs to select the proper promotional media (Yusuf, Xie and Trondsen 2015). For example, the advertising strategy, social media pages, and organic food festivals will be much preferable for the promotional aspect for the company. The above recommendations will be much beneficial for the company increase profitability in the organic food market if Australia. Conclusion The study provides the insightful ideas about the organic food market of Australia. Green Press Holdings Pty Ltd is the organic food provider in Melbourne market. Currently, the consumers in Australia are much concerned about the healthy diets. The organic food industry in Australia is considering the blooming market in terms of collecting revenues. Currently, it has been observed that the people in Australia have been concentrating on consuming the healthier food. The adequate market research and resource allocation is necessary for the company to gain the profitability in this competitive market. References Ali, T., Alam, A. and Ali, J., 2015. Market structure analysis of health and wellness food products in India.British Food Journal,117(7), pp.1859-1871. Austorganic.com, 2017. Australian Organic Market Report [online] Available at: https://austorganic.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Organic-market-report-2012-web.pdf [Accessed 9 May 2017]. Baudry, J., Alls, B., Pneau, S., Touvier, M., Mjean, C., Hercberg, S., Galan, P., Lairon, D. and Kesse-Guyot, E., 2017. Dietary intakes and diet quality according to levels of organic food consumption by French adults: Cross-sectional findings from the NutriNet-Sant Cohort Study.Public health nutrition,20(4), pp.638-648. Domegan, C., McHugh, P., Devaney, M., Hogan, M., Broome, B., Duane, S. and Piwowarczyk, J., 2015. Advancing theory and research in social marketing: Interactive management for complex problem thinking.In World Social Marketing Conference, Sydney. Greenpress.com, 2017. Green Press Holdings Pty Ltd. [online] Available at: https://greenpress.com/ [Accessed 9 May 2017]. Hemmerling, S., Hamm, U. and Spiller, A., 2015. Consumption behaviour regarding organic food from a marketing perspectivea literature review.Organic agriculture,5(4), pp.277-313. Jolink, A. and Niesten, E., 2015. Sustainable development and business models of entrepreneurs in the organic food industry.Business Strategy and the Environment,24(6), pp.386-401. Marian, L. and Thgersen, J., 2015. Adding more value to added-value. An exploration of consumers perceptions and attitudes towards improved animal welfare standards in organic meat production processes. Mohamad, S.S., Rusdi, S.D. and Hashim, N.H., 2014. Organic food consumption among urban consumers: preliminary results.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,130, pp.509-514. Nasir, V.A. and Karakaya, F., 2014. Underlying motivations of organic food purchase intentions.Agribusiness,30(3), pp.290-308. Pecoraro, M.G. and Uusitalo, O., 2014. Conflicting values of ethical consumption in diverse worldsA cultural approach.Journal of Consumer Culture,14(1), pp.45-65. Rdiger, M. and Hamm, U., 2015. How are organic food prices affecting consumer behaviour? A review.Food Quality and Preference,43, pp.10-20. Rosin, C., Stock, P. and Campbell, H. eds., 2013.Food systems failure: The global food crisis and the future of agriculture. Routledge. Teng, C.C. and Lu, C.H., 2016. Organic food consumption in Taiwan: motives, involvement, and purchase intention under the moderating role of uncertainty.Appetite,105, pp.95-105. Truelocal.com.au, 2017. [online] Truelocal.com.au. Available at: https://www.truelocal.com.au/business/green-press-holdings-pty-ltd/melbourne [Accessed 9 May 2017]. Wagner, S.M. and Eggert, A., 2016. Co-management of purchasing and marketing: Why, when and how?.Industrial Marketing Management, 52, pp.27-36. Wasan, P.G. and Tripathi, G., 2014. Revisiting social marketing mix: a socio-cultural perspective.Journal of Services Research,14(2), p.127. Wee, C.S., Ariff, M.S.B.M., Zakuan, N., Tajudin, M.N.M., Ismail, K. and Ishak, N., 2014. Consumers perception, purchase intention and actual purchase behavior of organic food products.Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research,3(2), p.378. Yadav, R. and Pathak, G.S., 2016. Intention to purchase organic food among young consumers: Evidences from a developing nation.Appetite,96, pp.122-128. Yusuf, M., Xie, J. and Trondsen, T., 2015. Decision Process for Adoption of Innovative Products in the European Seafood Market: The Importance of Supply and Demand Factors.Journal of International Food Agribusiness Marketing,27(4), pp.255-272. Kotler P and Keller.., 2016. Marketing Management 15th Global Edition published by Pearson Education Australia Pty Ltd.

Product marketing mix in driving customer satisfaction

Role and Importance of Children in the Middle Ages

Role and Importance of Children in the Middle Ages Of all the misconceptions about the Middle Ages, some of the most difficult to overcome involve life for medieval children and their place in society. It is a popular notion that there was no recognition of childhood in medieval society and children were treated like miniature adults as soon as they could walk and talk. However, scholarship on the topic by medievalists provides a different account of children in the Middle Ages. Of course, it is not correct to assume that medieval attitudes were identical or even similar to modern ones. But, it can be argued that childhood was recognized as a phase of life, and one that had value, at that time. Concept of Childhood One of the most frequently mentioned arguments for the non-existence of childhood in the Middle Ages is that representative of children in medieval artwork depicts them in adult clothing. If they wore grown-up clothes, the theory goes, they must have been expected to behave like grown-ups. However, while there certainly isnt a great deal of medieval artwork that depicted children other than the Christ Child, the examples that survive do not universally display them in adult garb. Additionally, medieval laws existed to protect the rights of orphans. For example, in medieval London, laws were careful to place an orphaned child with someone who could not benefit from his or her death. Also, medieval medicine approached the treatment of children separately from adults. In general, children were recognized as vulnerable, and in need of special protection. Concept of Adolescence   The idea that adolescence was not recognized as a category of development separate from both childhood and adulthood is a more subtle distinction. The primary evidence concerning this outlook is the lack of any term for the modern-day word adolescence. If they didnt have a word for it, they didnt comprehend it as a stage in life. This argument also leaves something to be desired, especially as medieval people did not use the terms feudalism or courtly love though those practices definitely existed at the time. Inheritance laws set the age of majority at 21, expecting a certain level of maturity before entrusting a young individual with financial responsibility.   Importance of Children There is a general perception that, in the Middle Ages, children were not valued by their families or by society as a whole. Perhaps no time in history has sentimentalized infants,  toddlers, and waifs as has modern culture, but it doesnt necessarily follow that children were undervalued in earlier times. In part, a lack of representation in medieval popular culture is responsible for this perception. Contemporary chronicles and biographies that include childhood details are few and far between. Literature of the times rarely touched on the heros tender years, and medieval artwork offering visual clues about children other than the Christ Child is almost nonexistent. This lack of representation in and of itself has led some observers to conclude that children were of limited interest, and therefore of limited importance, to medieval society at large. On the other hand, it is important to remember that medieval society was primarily an agrarian one. And the family unit made the agrarian economy work. From an economic standpoint, nothing was more valuable to a peasant family than sons to help with the plowing and daughters to help with the household. To have children were, essentially, one of the primary reason to marry.   Among the nobility, children would perpetuate the family name and increase the familys holdings through advancement in service to their liege lords and through advantageous marriages. Some of these unions were planned while the bride and groom-to-be were still in the cradle. In the face of these  facts,  it is difficult to argue that people of the Middle Ages were any less aware that children were their future then people are aware today that children are the future of the modern world.   Question of Affection Few aspects of life in the  Middle Ages  can be more difficult to determine than the nature and depth of the emotional attachments made among family members. It is perhaps natural for us to assume that in a society that placed a high value on its younger members, most parents loved their children. Biology alone would suggest a bond between a child and the mother who nursed him or her. And yet, it has been theorized that affection was largely lacking in the medieval household. Some of the reasons that have been put forward to support this notion include rampant infanticide, high infant mortality, the use of child labor and extreme discipline.   Further Reading If you are interested in the topic of childhood in medieval times,  Growing Up in Medieval London: The Experience of Childhood in History  by Barbara A. Hanawalt,  Medieval Children  by Nicholas Orme, Marriage and the Family in the Middle Ages by Joseph Gies and Frances Gies and The Ties that Bound by Barbara Hanawalt may be good reads for you.

Clinical immunology (ELISA TYPES) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Clinical immunology (ELISA TYPES) - Essay Example Figureure 1: The targeted antigens that are found in the wells are attached to the labelled antibodies where substrate is added in order to form a reaction with enzymes conjugated antibodies form a yellow colour in case of positive results and for negative results, blue. Monoclonal antibodies are obtained from single B-cell clones and they one biding site only that can recognize a single epitope of the antigens. These are prepared through the use of specificity desired by the hybridoma technology that is used to develop cells that are immortalized which can secrete the immunoglobulin desired (Nairn, 2002). On the other hand, the polyclonal antibodies come from immunised animals, obtained from various B-cells and they have heterogeneous collections of binding sites that help to recognize different epitopes (Kindt, 2006). Sandwich ELISA; certain monoclonal antibodies are found attached to walls of microtiter plate where the serum specimen is put to the wells so that they can be tested for complementary antigen’s presence. Where the antigen is present in the given specimen, it binds the monoclonal antibodies. The other antigens or molecules that are not bound, by the monoclonal antibodies are then washed away. Enzyme conjugated antibodies also known as secondary monoclonal are added and they are washed without any bond. The reason is that the enzymes that are conjugated to the monoclonal antibodies have receptors that are designed in such a way that they produce colour changes in the event that substrates are added. In the event that the antigens suspected are present, a complex of primary monoclonal antibodies, antigens and enzymes conjugated antibodies are formed and they will cause colour changes after substrates are added. The final results are then measured using optical technology. Colour does not change to yellow if the suspected antigens are not present where a

Gaslan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gaslan - Essay Example Therefore, I see that Gasland will continue to bring more profits and jobs in the economy of China. I know the department is wondering about the safety of using coal in China. In regards to safety when using coal, am aware of migration of methane when coal is used for long as seen in places like Colorado, Ohio and Pennsylvania. Methane is a natural gas which migrates to aquifers when there is a combination of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. Therefore, there is a need to avoid driving down natural gas costs and pollution of environment by coal plants. The department should understand about the hydraulic fracturing or fracking. It is a method whereby the chemical fluid is added to earth to free natural gas trapped far underground. The fracking change is actually good news, because it helps in national security and boost the economy of the government. This is achieved since it reduces imports and creates more jobs in the economy and brings about new investment in China. Th e department confirmed that the critics given can be solved it the people take their time to understand that pollution is actually reduced because the amount of coal used in plants is reduced. This clearly shows that boost in fracking increases productivity. Any economist know that without energy China cannot grow economically, therefore, energy is a fundamental service for each and every day living. We know companies like Sinopec and Recon technology which boost the economy of China. Without fuel in the economy, it leads to poverty, although it has effect to the environment, the need of fuel is more important. Meeting the increasing requirements for energy in the entire world is hard to achieve. Therefore, there is a need for fracking even if it has environmental effects. Our choices have to weigh between environmental effects against the economic and social benefits of current supply availability. When fracking is adopted in China, the economy is transformed, it become self-suffic ient than when natural gas is used and could become the biggest exporter this will automatically boost the economy of China. Economists know that a big investment is made through fracking than renewable energy. Therefore, fracking should be encouraged. The shutdown of all fracking will drastically affect the domestic and international markets. In short the oil industry should increase its plans to increase oil production with hydraulic fracturing to increase oil recovery even if it’s threatening the communities’ air and drinking water. Economists should know that the process of hydrofracking is controversial gas and oil extraction methods develop in late 1940s to have access to fossil energy deposits which are inaccessible by drilling machines. The methods actually involve smashing of the rock with a lot of water with sand and a lot of chemicals so that to bring the gas into the surface. The process involve drilling of vertical well bores into the earth, via sediment l ayers, the water table and other rocks to reach oil and gas. (Ralph & Peter 2012) Drilling is done in a horizontally angled and smashed with a lot of water and fracking fluid, chemicals and sand to break the rock and shale. Small explosives are used to open up the bedrock and allow the gas and oil to be removed from the rock formations. Fracking has been there for decades and the process of doing it has been varying from deep fracking to other methods. In conclusion, economists should use fracking approach but try

Concepts of health promotion

Concepts of health promotion Before we discuss how different concepts and theories can be used to promote health, nurses need to know what the term health promotion means. An authoritative definition of health promotion comes from the W.H.O which defines it as the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health. (W.H.O 1986). Health education is considered the core component of health promotion. Until the mid 1980s the term health education was most widely used to describe the work of practitioners such as nurses and doctors in promoting health. Health promotion is putting education into action. With evidence based information, the patient is more likely to comply with a treatment regime if she understands the regime, the reasoning behind it and is given the tools to achieve it. (McDonald et al 1999). Models are useful tools in Health promotion because it helps to visualize and to test theories. It helps to lend support for or against theories, explaining phenomena and plan possibilities for interventions. Beattie 1991 is a model that offers a structural analysis of the health promotion repertoire of approaches and this model will be the framework of this essay bringing in psychosocial models. His typology argues that there are 4 strategies for health promotion. Health persuasion by health care professionals, legislative action, personal counselling and community development. The Legislative Action part of Beatties model are interventions led by professionals but intended to protect communities such as lobbying for a ban on tobacco advertising. The nurse is in the role of custodian knowing what will improve the peoples health and to protect the population by making healthier choices more available. Staying in the legislative perspective, the nurse as a health educator or promoter must also always adhere to the NMC code of conduct. This code dictates accountability and advocacy for vulnerable clients and in this essay it is emphasised that a person with health behaviour is a vulnerable. Other aspects of legislation that we are duty bound to is the European policy framework, the Health 21 targets. This was introduced to achieve full health potential for all people in the region and this world health document emphasises the date and time when damaging health behaviour have to be eradicated. Another legislation is the Patient Charter which involves the patien t in their health education/promotion plan. It is vital for the nurse to work out where the patient is with regards to changing the behaviour and therefore work at the patients pace. In order to demonstrate a clear knowledge of health education and promotion, a scenario will be applied. Mrs Smith (pseudonym name) in compliance with the NMC (2008) on confidentiality, a 55 year old housewife who has been admitted in the casualty department after an episode of severe chest pain and a degree of dyspnoea which has already lasted for 2 hours. She has been otherwise well, but at 110kg and 54 she is clearly overweight. She has been a smoker for 30 year. Her initial assessment shows that the pain is not cardiac and a working diagnosis of acute reflux oesophagitis is made. Routine screening has shown that she has a random blood sugar of 18mmol/L.Although there are several health issues highlighted in this case, this essay will focus on Mrs Smiths predisposition to Type 2 diabetes mellitus due to her obesity. Factors including weight loss and how much she is in control over her blood sugar levels in the long term (Stratton et al 2000) can determine the eventual outcome. The refore, the main health promotion activity relating to her is giving her advice on weight reduction to improve her diabetic control (Terry et al 2003). In order to work out the stage of change Mrs Smith is in, the nurse has to carry out personal counselling with the patient. This is another strategy of Beatties model. Here Beattie focuses on the patients personal development and to encourage the patient to have the skills and confidence to take more control over their health. Personal counselling focuses on the clients specific needs and normally works on one to one basis and the nurse acts as a counsellor to discuss and negotiate client needs. Decisions are made based on the clients wishes. The client needs to be assessed by Maslows hierarchy of needs. Abraham Maslows model indicates that basic, low-level needs such as safety must be satisfied before higher-level needs such as self-fulfilment are achieved. While a person is motivated to fulfil these basal desires, they continue to move toward growth, and eventually self-actualization. An interview is done at this stage of Beattie using a client centred approach. The patient needs t o be physically and psychologically comfortable in order to assess how motivated they are and what stage of change they are at. It is the nurses role to persuade or encourage people to adopt healthier lifestyles here, educating the patient with evidence based information to give them full understanding of their unhealthy behaviour and the results of it. Therefore advice and information from the nurse is the main features in Beatties health persuasion strategy. A relevant model to this part of Beattie is the work of Prochaska and DiClemente (1984, 1986) in developing the stage of change model. This framework can be used to describe the different phases that individuals progress through during health related behaviour change. It focuses on the individuals readiness to change or attempt to change towards healthy behaviours and encourages change in addictive behaviours. Although the model can be used in addictive behaviours, it can be used to show that most people go through a number of stages when trying to change behaviours. The model is important in showing that any transition we make is not final but part of an ongoing cycle. The model shows 5 stages the patient goes through. They can start from the pre-contemplation stage where the patient has not yet considered changing their lifestyle, possibly from the lack of awareness of any risks in their health behaviour. Identifying this stage is important because it allows the nurse to realise th at the patient may not be ready to undergo any change. This may mean the healthcare worker should focus on other issues. Once the patient is aware of the problems, she can then proceed to the contemplation stage. At this stage the patient is aware of the benefits of changing but is not ready to do so and needs information and support to help make that decision. It is the nurses role to provide the patient with evidence based information to encourage them to change. For some, this stage may last only a short period whilst some may never progress beyond this stage. A nurse must work at the patients pace and only move on when the patient is ready to proceed to the next stage. When the change seems possible and worthwhile to the patient, they may be ready to change, perhaps seeking for some extra support. At this stage, the patient should be motivated and ready for the stage of making the change. The patient should be given a clear goal along with a realistic plan and support at this st age. The early days of change needs the patient to have positive decisions to do things differently. If the patient manages to make the change of her lifestyle with the nurses support then the patient falls into the final stage of the model Maintenance. At this stage the patient is to have moved into a healthier lifestyle and sustained her new behaviour. In order to analyse how effective this strategy is for the patient, the progress needs to be reviewed and assessed. This stages of change model is different to other concepts in that it is about how peoples behaviour change and not why people do not change. The advantage of this model is that if any patient relapses back to previous stages, it is not considered to be a failure because she can go backwards and forwards through the cycles of change. The patient would still be aware of the benefits of changing and nurses only have to focus on small things to encourage them to proceed to the next stage once again. This can be rewarding to the patient as there is identifiable progress. Most health behaviour models are related to self-efficacy where it involves how one person believes they are capable to attain certain goals by possibly having the feeling of self worth and being optimistic, resulting in motivation to change. Not only does self efficacy influence the challenges the patient chooses but it also affects how high standard they set their goals. Individuals with a strong self-efficacy select more challenging goals (DeVellis DeVellis, 2000 xClose DeVellis, B. M., DeVellis, R. F. (2000). Self-efficacy and health. In: A. Baum, T. A. Revenson, J. E. Singer (Eds.), Handbook of Health Psychology (pp. 235-247). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. ) than people with a weaker self efficacy. In relation to the case study, if Mrs Smith had a strong sense of self efficacy then she may result in adherence to a particular diet whereas if she had a weaker sense of self efficacy she will become discouraged and give up. Self efficacy is therefore directly related to the future behaviour and must be taken into account when assessing the patient. Continuing on to the next strategy of Beatties model, Community development is similar to personal counselling. The nurse tries to emancipate groups and communities so they recognize what they have in common and how social factors can influence their lives. Here patients should be given statutory support as well as voluntary support. In Mrs Smiths case, her health would more than likely be improved if she lost weight. Ideally she could aim for a BMI in the region of 24-25, but this is seldom achieved in practice, but it is none the less a goal. (NICE 2000). Staff in primary care or the integrated diabetic clinic will probably be responsible for producing a full evaluation and implementation of Mrs Smiths condition. A smoking cessation nurse could also be useful in helping Mrs Smith quit smoking improving her overall health. Offering the patient statutory support means she will further understand the whole regime and feel more comfortable, resulting in compliance. Voluntary support ca n also be offered to the patient. An example would be Weight Watchers for Mrs Smith to assist her with weight loss and maintenance, offering her various dieting products and services. The four paradigms for health promotion by Beattie is useful for health promoters because it identifies a clear framework for choosing a strategy, and it reminds them that the choice of these is influenced by social and political perspectives. However, as this model deals with information, education, legislation, psychological and social factors as strategies in achieving help, it has been criticised. Some argue that health has other dimensions not considered including physical, mental, spiritual and environmental that is essential for total health and well-being. Health behaviour models are there for nurses to use to motivate patients to change and make nurses aware of the barriers present. However, the nurse must always accept the work with the patient at their stage. By building a therapeutic relationship and working in partnership with the patient, it allows nurses to give the support the patient needs whilst enabling the client to make choices for themselves. The nurse needs to be aware of their communication skills such as using open questions, listening and encouraging, clarifying and summarizing and showing reflective listening. The goals set for the patient must be realistic, desirable and the nurse must help the patient to believe that they can achieve goals, praise and reinforce positive behaviour and provide emotional support. The nurse must continue to be accountable and continue using evidence based practice.

A Fireside Chat Essay

â€Å"It was good work, the kind of work that let you sleep soundly at night and, when you awoke, look forward to the day†, Jeanette Walls quoted. According to Wikipedia, work ethics is defined as a value based on hard work and diligence. In the text, A Fireside Chat, Sir Lynden Pindling speaks about poor work ethics and how it must be changed to build The Bahamas. Some civil servants are discouraged because of victimization, others have no hope for the future and some believe that since â€Å"their’’ government is in power they no longer have to work hard. The Bahamas is a democratic country; therefore everyone should have a freedom of speech and freedom to vote for the government of their choice. Sir Lynden Pindling addresses that a factory has been closed down, vegetable crates have been denied to small farmers and workers have been laid off work because of political reasons. These unfair actions cause workers to be discouraged, whether they were the ones directly affected or not. Also, victimization causes other workers to feel the need to not work hard. Put yourself in their shoes, if other people who don’t support the people who don’t support the PLP government are being fired and because you voted for them your job is secure wouldn’t you feel comfortable and slack off as well? I know I would. Employers who victimize employees not only show poor work ethic to their workers but also the public. If you fire people because they have different views you are making it hard on your business. This can cause slower services because of lack of workers and eventually add to the decline of customers. Sir Lynden Pindling also states that no government would function well or long without an efficient civil service. Why put your country, let alone your business at jeopardy of failing? Not only adults have poor work ethics, so do adolescents. Some children feel discouraged because of the area they live in or their financial situations and provide mediocre services as well. For example, some packing boys never have a smile on their face and when loading your bags to the car they handle them with no care whatsoever. Attitudes like this can cause them to receive little or no tips from customers. No matter how big or small your job is, it is vital. In paragraph eight of the text, Sir Lynden Pindling encourages the children to never give up on their dreams because nothing is impossible. He even gives examples of children in poor communities, â€Å"little Mary of Toote Shop Corner† and â€Å"little John of Meadow Street’’, that education is the key and dreams can become reality. Some civil servants believe that since â€Å"their† government is in power they have arrived and are free to slack off on their jobs. Have you ever wondered why the waitress serving you seemed as though she had a frown painted on her face and it seemed like she did not want to be at work that day? This is because workers do not value their jobs or even the customers. Some workers even treat the local Bahamians poorly, but treat the tourist very well. This may be because of the tourists’ skin color or accent, so the waitresses assume these customers will tip better. Local Bahamians are treated with mediocrity because the waitresses assume they will tip poorly or not tip at all. Aside from having bad attitudes on the job, some workers do not act professionally. For example, last week Thursday I went to The Bowling Alley with a few friends and during our game of bowling the waitress came to take our order. Her conduct was very poor; she flirted with my friends and gave attitude towards me with made me not enjoy my experience the way I wanted to. I feel as though when you are on the job your conduct should be very professional and you should speak to the customers formally and not informally. Therefore, many Bahamians have poor work ethics and this should be fixed immediately. In order for this country to grow progressively we must all work together to strengthen each other instead of victimizing people. We must also learn to believe in ourselves and work professionally when on the job.

Women in Politics

What are the obstacles facing women’s participation in politics and what measures have been introduced to remedy the situation? Choose examples from at least three countries. When our country was constructed in 1776, men had control over most of the significant affairs of this country. It was a drastic notion for women to be involved in anything other than affairs concerning the home and the children. However the feminist movement began the start of females getting involved in politics, as well as all other affairs that only men were including in before.Even though there are an undeniably higher percentage of women in politics today. Women still have to endure more obscurity than men when it comes down to complete acceptance in becoming a true female politician in an other wised male dominated profession. In smaller countries the reproductive element of women was viewed to be very specific and had a more collective importance. Women are always seen as the â€Å"weaker sex. â €  Women were generally viewed as being ambiguous and small-minded when it came to the topic of politics.It is this attitude that has generated apathy from men all over the world, reinforcing the lack of female positions in politics. There is an over whelming difference between view of women in politics from the Philippines, to the UK & down in the Middle East. The game of Politics is the politics of male patronage and personality still dominate the Philippines political landscape. It isn’t likely to disappear anytime soon, but a strategy is in place with steps to change toward a direction where women will have a stronger influence in Philippine mainly about power and control.Within the context of Philippine politics, women have not conventionally been given the ability to be keepers of that power in the Philippine politics. How far these steps are taken depends on the decisions of those in power. In addition, the people of the Philippines must support those women that hav e decided to run. While there has been a considerable improvement in women’s involvement in politics and government, many women are still delayed from implementing their right to participate. Although, there have been a few measures set in place to increase female participation, there has yet to be a true implementation.In 1995, former President Fidel Ramos signed into law Executive Order No. 273, also known as the Philippine Plan for Gender-Responsive Development 1995-2025 (PPGD). This law takes off where the Philippine Development Plan for Women (PDPW) left off after its four-year mandate expired in 1992. â€Å"It is the government’s 30-year framework for pursuing gender equality and development (Stiftung 4). † Lastly, Filipino women must make a conscious effort fight against the typical stereotype. They need to work together to form a stronger political and economic stance that would be noticed by others (especially their male counterparts).It’s all ab out working toward an equal level of social equality. A breakthrough in the recognition of the contribution of women can be found in Section 14, Article II of the Constitution, which provides that â€Å"The State recognizes the role of women in nation-building, and shall ensure the fundamental equality before the law of women and men. † This provision is cognizant of the contribution of women in the overall life of the country, and thus is supposed to signify the State’s support in pursuing the general development of its female constituents (womeninpolitics. rg). This statement was made, but no one truly acted on it. Looking at the United Kingdom, each party is responsible for encouraging women into politics. The Government itself does not consider it would be correct to make such an action required in order to increase the number of women elected. The Government believes that each political party should decide for themselves whether they wish to increase the number of women candidates standing for election in/for their party. If they wish to do so, they must figure out how to achieve this increase.The Government has however legislated so that each party can legally use positive measures for this purpose. One of the most profound acts to facilitate progress towards increasing women’s representation in government was the Sex Discrimination (Election Candidates) Act of 2002. It was introduced to remove domestic legal barriers from the 1975 Act and equivalent to the Northern Ireland Order. This solidified stipulations for political parties wishing to adopt positive measures to reduce inequality between the numbers of men and women elected.This act of legislation covers elections to the House of Commons, the Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, the Northern Ireland Assembly, the European Parliament and local government elections (excluding directly elected mayors and community councils in Scotland). However, women in the Middl e East often suffer from very sensitive and complicated political, social and cultural conditions that restrict their ability to easily engage in the political arena. Many women are encouraged turn away from political participation to avoid controversy.Traditional religious interpretation sometimes restricts female participation in public life, or literally prevents them from mixing with men or assuming public posts. There is also the family element to think about, with women still customarily responsible for household duties. A life in politics would not be deemed as the best professional choice. In the Middle East women are often viewed as less experienced in public affairs. As a result, voters (both male and female) are less likely to vote for a woman on the ballot.Consequently, women either refrain from running for political office or drop out early from a lack of local support. There is one means of improving women's participation in politic through a quota system. This system allocates a percentage of seats for women. In countries where such measures have been adopted, such as Tunisia, Iraq and Jordan, we see more women in politics Despite obstacles, women are showing that they are equally capable of being politicians. That is why the percentage of women in the politics is continually rising.Works Cited Gumba, Romy Fay. â€Å"Philippines. † http://www. onlinewomenin politics. org/phil/fes-ph. pdf. 3 Nov 2001 Iraq Updates. â€Å"Where are the Women in Middle East Politics? † http://www. iraqupdates. com/p_articles. php /article/24281. 23 Nov 2007 Stiftung, Friedrich Ebert. â€Å"FES Young Women’s’ Leaders Network Conference. † Bangkok, Thailand. 4 Nov 2000 Women in Politics. â€Å"Women's Representation in Politics† http://www. womenandequalityunit. gov. uk/public_life/parliament. htm. 19 Nov 06